The former player: 'I really hoped to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This piece includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racial discrimination in rugby union brought his career to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I wanted to continue competing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were inquiries going on.
"That was difficult - I had to just accept the fate and accept that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but stated it could not collect sufficient evidence to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person training on building welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the production of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach children in under-served communities and help them succeed both on the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is prepared to share their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own stories as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and continue carrying this flag and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022